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Functional dyspepsia is a condition where symptoms such as epigastric pain, postprandial fullness, and early satiety recur, but no structural disease that sufficiently explains these symptoms is identified through tests.

Postprandial distress syndrome is a subtype of functional dyspepsia centered on uncomfortable postprandial fullness or early satiety.

Epigastric Pain Syndrome is a type of functional dyspepsia characterized primarily by pain or burning in the epigastric region.

Gastritis refers to a state where inflammation occurs in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. The diagnosis confirmed via endoscopy or biopsy and the heartburn or epigastric discomfort felt by the patient may overlap or appear separately.

Gastroparesis is a condition where the speed at which food moves from the stomach to the small intestine is objectively slowed, even though the passage is not physically blocked. Early satiety, postprandial fullness, nausea, and vomiting may occur, but diagnosis is not made based on symptoms alone.

A peptic ulcer is a state where a deep sore has formed in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Epigastric pain, early satiety, and nausea may occur, but some cases are discovered through bleeding after having almost no symptoms.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a group of conditions characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestines related to immune responses, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis being representative. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, and weight loss may occur, and it is a different condition from irritable bowel syndrome.

Early satiety is the feeling of being full and unable to eat more before finishing your usual portion.

Abdominal bloating is the symptom of feeling that the abdomen is full or swollen. It can occur with or without actual abdominal distension, where the waist circumference increases.

Heartburn refers to a burning or searing sensation in the epigastrium or behind the breastbone. While common in reflux diseases, it must be distinguished from epigastric pain or chest pain related to the heart.

Acid reflux is the sensation of stomach contents or sour liquid moving back up through the esophagus to the throat or mouth. It can occur without heartburn.

Abdominal distension refers to an actual increase in waist circumference that can be seen visually or felt through the fit of clothes, unlike abdominal bloating, which is merely a feeling of fullness. These two symptoms can appear together or separately.

Abdominal pain is a broad term for pain felt in the stomach area. Identifying the location and intensity of the pain, as well as its relationship with meals, bowel movements, posture, and timing, helps in determining the cause.

Nausea is the feeling that one might vomit, while vomiting is the actual reaction where stomach contents are expelled through the mouth. These two symptoms may appear together, but their causes and levels of urgency can differ.

Burping is the phenomenon where swallowed air or gas in the stomach comes out through the mouth. The fact that it occurs frequently does not alone indicate acid reflux or gastritis.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a condition where stomach contents move up into the esophagus, causing discomfort such as heartburn or a sour taste, or leading to complications.

Non-erosive reflux disease is a condition where reflux symptoms are present, but no erosion of the esophageal mucosa is visible during an endoscopy.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux refers to a condition where the reflux of gastric contents relates to throat and larynx symptoms, which may include a foreign body sensation in the throat, throat clearing, or a hoarse voice.

Difficulty swallowing is a symptom where it is hard to swallow food or water, or there is a feeling of it being stuck in the throat or chest. Unlike a simple foreign body sensation in the throat, the primary issue is the actual difficulty in the process of swallowing.

Post-nasal drip is a condition where mucus from the nose and sinuses collects or feels as if it is flowing down the back of the throat. It can cause a foreign body sensation in the throat, throat clearing, and frequent throat clearing, making it easy to confuse with laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a gut-brain interaction disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain related to bowel movements, accompanied by changes in the frequency or appearance of stool.

Constipation does not simply mean having a bowel movement once every few days. It also refers to a state where bowel movements are difficult and uncomfortable, such as having hard stools, needing to strain significantly, feeling blocked, or feeling as though the bowels have not completely emptied.

Diarrhea is a condition of having looser stools more frequently than usual. The causes that need to be checked differ between diarrhea that appears suddenly for a few days and diarrhea that continues for several weeks.

Pelvic floor outlet obstruction refers to a condition where bowel movements are difficult because the muscles around the rectum and anus do not relax properly or fail to coordinate strength when expelling stool. Even if the stool is soft or passed daily, there may be a severe feeling of blockage and incomplete evacuation.

The gut-brain axis refers to the connection through which the gut and brain exchange neural, hormonal, and immune signals. Experiences such as abdominal pain or diarrhea worsening during nervousness can be related to this interaction.

Visceral hypersensitivity refers to a state of feeling the sensations that occur when the stomach or intestines stretch and move as more painful or uncomfortable than others do. This does not mean the symptoms are imaginary.

Gastrointestinal motility refers to the movement of the digestive organs that mixes food with digestive juices and moves them from the mouth toward the anus. It cannot be described simply as being unconditionally fast or slow.

Gastric emptying is the process where ingested food is finely mixed in the stomach and then passes into the small intestine. Early satiety, where one can only eat a few spoonfuls, and postprandial discomfort, where it takes a long time to feel comfortable despite an increased intake, are different changes; neither can confirm delayed gastric emptying based on symptoms alone.

The autonomic nervous system is the system that regulates body functions such as heart rate, breathing, digestion, and sweating without conscious direction. It is frequently mentioned when explaining why digestive symptoms and tension responses may appear together.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth is a condition where the number or composition of bacteria in the small intestine increases abnormally, which can be associated with symptoms such as abdominal bloating, gas, and diarrhea.

Damjeok is an explanation used in Korean medicine when examining digestive discomforts such as bloating, epigastric tightness, and nausea, along with various accompanying symptoms. It does not refer to a single modern medical diagnosis or a single test result.

Pattern identification is a Korean medicine examination process that determines the direction of herbal medicine prescriptions by looking at pain, fullness, bowel movements, appetite, sleep, fatigue, and sensations of cold or heat, even for the same digestive diagnosis.

Tenesmus is an uncomfortable feeling as if stool remains in the rectum or anus even after a bowel movement. It does not always correlate with the actual amount of stool.

Urgency refers to a state where the urge to defecate comes on suddenly and strongly, making it difficult to hold until reaching a bathroom. Separate from the frequency of diarrhea, this can place a significant burden on daily life.

Esophageal hypersensitivity is a term used to describe a state where esophageal irritation is strongly felt as pain or burning. If burning or chest pressure remains despite a decrease in acid reflux, Baekrokdam medical evaluations do not ask if the medicine worked in a single sentence; instead, we determine the next scope of treatment by examining how the remaining discomfort changes with meals, lying positions, sleep, and tension.

Functional heartburn is a diagnosis used when heartburn recurs, but tests do not show a clear relationship with reflux or esophageal motility disorders.

Acid suppressants are medications used for reflux esophagitis and various acid-related symptoms by reducing the acid produced in the stomach.

Laxatives is a general term for medications that make bowel movements easier by softening the stool or aiding intestinal motility.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that infects the stomach lining and can affect chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. Tests are used to confirm whether an infection is present and if it has been cleared after treatment.

Gastroscopy is an examination where a thin endoscope is inserted through the mouth to directly observe the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. If necessary, tissue samples are collected to check for inflammation or infection.

Probiotics refer to live microorganisms consumed with the expectation that they may benefit health. They are commonly called lactobacillus, but research results vary depending on the strain and combination.

The esophageal pH-impedance test is a procedure that records acidic and non-acidic reflux entering the esophagus and the accompanying symptoms over a certain period. It is used to identify the temporal relationship between reflux and symptoms when no lesions are visible on an endoscopy or when symptoms persist despite medication.

The Bristol Stool Scale is a recording method that categorizes stool shape from Type 1 (hard lumps) to Type 7 (watery stool).

Food intolerance broadly refers to a condition where discomforts such as abdominal pain, gas, or diarrhea occur during the process of digesting or processing specific foods.

A low FODMAP diet is a method of reducing certain carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the gut and easily fermented for a period of time to identify their relationship with abdominal pain, bloating, and gas.

Lactose intolerance is a condition where symptoms such as abdominal bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and diarrhea occur because lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy products, is not sufficiently digested. The degree of discomfort may vary depending on the amount consumed and the individual's digestive capacity.

In Korean medicine, Qi stagnation is a term used to describe patterns where feelings of stifling, bloating, and pain fluctuate along with tension, emotional changes, or stagnation of movement.

In Korean medicine, food stagnation is a pattern identification expression that groups together bloating, burping, abdominal pain, and worsening after meals, as if food is not descending properly.

In Korean medicine, phlegm-dampness is a term used to describe patterns where a heavy body, sticky secretions, nausea, dizziness, or a feeling of edema appear along with digestive discomfort.

Spleen and Stomach Deficiency is a term in Korean medicine used to describe a pattern of poor appetite, weak digestion, easy fatigue, and recurring loose stools or lethargy after meals.

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a condition where bleeding occurs within the digestive tract, such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine. It may appear as vomiting blood, black and sticky stools, or bright red bloody stools, but in some cases, it may not be visible to the eye.